The backdrop of the financial coverage committee (MPC) assembly later this week is a posh one. Progress momentum has slowed in 2024-25. Headline retail inflation remains to be excessive regardless of softening from the latest peak. The federal government maintained sturdy fiscal self-discipline, regardless of providing tax concessions in direction of boosting non-public consumption, reflecting a decelerating expenditure price range. Importantly, this comes in opposition to a worldwide setting of stress on most rising market (EM) currencies amid geopolitical volatility, US exceptionalism and a raging greenback. US Fed has paused after three consecutive charge cuts, whereas ECB and central banks in England and Canada proceed chopping. Amongst EMs, Indonesia lately lower charges to assist development, regardless of a weakening Rupiah.
Most inflation indicators markedly low
Again dwelling, headline CPI averaged 5.6% throughout Q3 2024-25, however largely as a result of objects past the affect of financial coverage (e.g., greens, treasured metals). Nevertheless, practically all different vital inflation indicators corresponding to WPI, core-WPI, core-CPI and GDP deflators stayed discernably delicate (averaged between 1% and three.5%) throughout 2024-25. Thus, headline CPI inflation is elevated reflecting costs of solely a handful of non-core objects, whereas different inflation indicators are distinctly subdued.
The central financial institution predicts CPI inflation to common 4.4% throughout the subsequent 9 months as much as September 2025. So, the MPC should determine whether or not to remain cautious given the excessive retail inflation prints in latest months or ship a charge lower counting on the RBI’s forecast of benign future inflation—general, it appears to be a detailed name in February, moderately than being a achieved deal on both aspect. Additionally, the RBI has to date been categorical to not dilute give attention to headline CPI. Nevertheless, it is going to be fascinating to determine if there’s a change in considering round that within the coming days.
Liquidity help is precedence
Whereas a charge motion appears to be a detailed name, liquidity help has clearly emerged as a precedence for RBI, considering the contraction in system liquidity in latest weeks (every day common deficit of over ₹1.5 trillion since early-December). The central financial institution’s latest announcement of sturdy liquidity measures (e.g., OMO calendar, 56-day repo and FX swap) will probably infuse round ₹1.5 trillion within the coming weeks, aside from the continued giant VRR operations.
Nevertheless, RBI’s intervention within the foreign exchange market stays the elephant within the room influencing banking system liquidity. India witnessed practically $20 billion internet FII outflows within the final 4 months, largely from the fairness market, amid unsure international macro-dynamics, repricing of fewer US coverage charge cuts throughout 2025 and expectation of a tepid incomes season again dwelling.
However the stress of FII flows, the expectation of a extra supportive stance on liquidity stems from the truth that development in reserve cash—the measure of main liquidity infusion by the central financial institution into the banking system—had fallen sharply to a compounded annual development charge (CAGR) of merely round 7% since mid-2022, in sharp distinction to a long-term development charge of 12-15%. A stronger development in reserve cash will probably enhance sturdy liquidity for the banking system, and in flip help wholesome credit score development for the productive sectors of the economic system.
February assembly will act as a robust reference level for future
On the again of one more disciplined Union price range and a pointy step up in liquidity measures from the RBI, expectations of a charge lower appear to have turn into stronger. Nevertheless, arguments stay sturdy on both aspect as regards charge motion in February. A persisting giant liquidity deficit might restrict the efficacy of a charge lower transmission and would possibly tempt the RBI to spring additional liquidity supportive measures whereas taking a wait and watch method on the speed entrance amid the continued stress on INR. However, a hawkish pause on charges ought to be dominated out because it might additional worsen the continued development softening development.
On steadiness, it’s honest to counsel that whereas a February charge motion remains to be a detailed name, RBI will definitely proceed to give attention to liquidity help for the banking system leaving no software off the desk. The February assembly can be solely the third assembly for the three exterior members of the six-member MPC, whereas for the governor it is going to be the primary one. The MPC’s motion and commentary on this assembly will function a key reference level and vital steering for financial coverage within the coming months.
Siddhartha Sanyal is creator is chief economist & head of analysis in Bandhan Financial institution. The creator thanks Sudarshan Bhattacharjee and Gaurav Mukherjee for help. Views are private.
